催产素和加压素在犬泡状绦虫的免疫组化定位和分布

应用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法研究了催产素和加压素在犬泡状绦虫的定位和分布。在犬泡状绦虫中枢神经系统的脑神经节、２条主要纵神经索和环神经内观察到大量阳性纤维和少量阳性细胞。周围神经系统可见阳性神经纤维在皮层和实质形成神经网。从纵神经索和环神经发出的阳性纤维向生殖器官和皮层的肌肉分布。顶突的小钩之间的肌肉存在阳性反应物，小钩周围有较明显的阳性反应环。生殖器官呈现着色深浅不同的阳性反应，以卵囊—梅氏腺复合体最为明显。结果表明，催产素和加压素的免疫反应物具有相同的分布，它们可能参与虫体的神经内分泌调节。     

水稻磷酸核酮糖激酶基因OsPRK克隆、亚细胞定位与诱导表达分析

为探究水稻磷酸核酮糖激酶基因OsPRK在水稻诱导抗虫反应中的功能,以水稻秀水110为材料克隆OsPRK基因的全长,通过生物信息学软件分析其序列特征,并应用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析OsPRK基因在水稻不同组织中的分布情况以及在虫害诱导、激素和机械损伤处理水稻中的表达特征。结果显示,水稻OsPRK基因序列全长为1 212 bp,编码403个氨基酸,分子量为44.86 kD,具有1个磷酸核酮糖激酶保守结构域。OsPRK蛋白亚细胞定位结果显示其定位于叶绿体。OsPRK基因在水稻中的表达具有组织特异性,其在内叶、外叶、内叶鞘、外叶鞘和根系这5个组织中相对于内参基因ACTIN的表达量分别为35.83、20.53、6.25、3.21和0.03。与对照相比,二化螟Chilo suppressalis为害能够强烈抑制水稻茎秆中OsPRK基因的表达;褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens怀卵雌成虫为害1.5、24 h、白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera怀卵雌成虫为害1、8、24 h以及机械损伤处理3、6、24 h均能显著诱导水稻茎秆中OsPRK基因的表达;而OsPRK基因的表达量在茉莉酸处理6、12 h时以及水杨酸处理0.5、1.5 h时被显著抑制,在茉莉酸处理48 h和水杨酸处理24 h时被显著诱导。表明OsPRK基因可能参与了水稻对害虫的诱导防御反应。     

不同倍性虹鳟卵黄蛋白原的组织定位

采用分步沉淀法提纯虹鳟卵黄蛋白,以同发育期二倍体虹鳟为对照,用免疫组化法对不同发育阶段的三倍体虹鳟性腺、肝脏、血液和肠道进行卵黄蛋白原(Vg)的细胞化学定位研究.试验结果表明:所纯化蛋白为与卵黄蛋白原具有相似免疫原性的卵黄脂磷蛋白,呈雌性特异性.性腺发育Ⅲ～Ⅴ期的二倍体雌性虹鳟,血液和肝细胞呈卵黄蛋白原阳性,Ⅳ～Ⅴ期卵巢呈卵黄蛋白原阳性,各发育期肠组织呈卵黄蛋白原阴性;性腺发育至Ⅰ～Ⅴ期的三倍体雌雄虹鳟及雄性二倍体虹鳟,其性腺、肝脏、血液和肠道组织呈卵黄蛋白原阴性.二倍体虹鳟外源性卵黄蛋白原在肝细胞内合成,经血液运送至卵巢,最终在卵母细胞中形成卵黄颗粒.由于三倍体雌性虹鳟卵巢发育受阻,无滤泡细胞分化,生殖细胞与体细胞的互作缺失,不能分泌足量的17β-E2以诱导Vg的合成,因而肝脏的Vg阴性并不能说明肝脏不具备合成Vg的能力,从卵黄发生的角度分析,卵黄蛋白原的缺乏不是导致三倍体虹鳟雌性不育的原因,而是其卵泡败育的结果.     

Fluorescence localization of epidermal cathepsins L and B in the Japanese eel

Histochemical localization of proteolytic activities in the dorsal epidermis of Japanese eel was demonstrated by fluorescent microscopy utilizing 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide (4M$\beta$NA) derivatives as substrates and 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde as a trapping agent. Carbobenzoxy-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-4M$\beta$NA (Cbz-Phe-Arg-4M$\beta$NA) and Cbz-Arg-Arg-4M$\beta$NA were used for direct detection of cathepsins L and B activities, respectively, in fresh frozen sections and unfixed cells of the eel epidermis. The fluorescing areas, where Cbz-Phe-Arg-4M$\beta$NA was hydrolyzed by cathepsin L, were shown in mucus secretory cells and club cells and broadly around skin surface. The fluorescing areas due to Cbz-Arg-Arg-4M$\beta$NA hydrolysis by cathepsin B were localized similarly in these tissues. The fluorescing intensity for both catheptic activities in mucus secretory cells was higher than that in club cells, where small fluorescing granules were distributed. These results indicate that eel cathepsins L and B are stored in epidermal secretory cells at different levels and probably serve as defense factors before or after secretion by these cells. Abbreviations: Cbz – carbobenzoxy; 4M$\beta$NA – 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide; NSA – 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde.     

Genetic Analysis of Chromosome 2D of Wheat

The Yugoslavian varieties ‘Novosadska Rana 1’ and ‘Sava’ are shown by monosomic comparisons to carry weak height promoters on chromosome 2D characteristic of the ‘Akakomugi’ gene for reduced height, Rht8. Reciprocal monosomic crosses between ‘Bersee’ and ‘Sava’ demonstrate ‘Sava’ chromosome 2D reduces height by about 16 cms, accelerates ear emergence by about 9 days and increases yield through increased grain number and grain size. Recombinant lines developed for chromosome 2D suggest that this chromosome in Mediterranean wheats carries three genes, Rht8, Ppd1 and Yr16, important to their adaptation. Rht8 and Ppd1, a gene for day length insensitivity together reduce height. Ppd1 and, to a minor degree, either yr16, the susceptible allele of a gene for adult plant resistance to yellow rust or a closely linked gene, accelerate time to flowering and thereby avoid desiccating Yugoslavian summer conditions. The same genes reduce spikelets numbers but this is offset by increased floret fertility producing an overall increase in the number of grains per ear. Ppd1 also by avoiding desiccating conditions increases gram size and together with either yr16 or the closely linked fertility gene increases ear and plant yields.     

Maternal and embryonal control of seed colour by different Brassica alboglabra chromosomes

Most oilseed rape, Brassica napus, cultivars are black‐seeded. The progenitor species, Brassica rapa, has either yellow or black seeds, while known cultivars of the other progenitor species Brassica oleracea/alboglabra have black seeds. To determine which chromosomes of B. alboglabra are carriers of seed colour genes, B. rapaalboglabra monosomic addition lines were produced from a B. napus resynthesized from yellow‐seeded B. rapa and brown/black‐seeded B. alboglabra. Eight out of nine possible lines have been developed and transmission frequencies of the alien chromosomes were estimated. Three B. alboglabra chromosomes in three of these lines influenced seed colour. B. rapa plants carrying alien chromosome 1 exhibited a maternal control of seed colour and produced only brown seeds, which gave rise to plants with either yellow or brown seeds. However, B. rapa plants carrying alien chromosome 4 or another as yet unidentified alien chromosome exhibited an embryonal control of seed colour and produced a mixture of yellow and brown seeds. The yellow seeds gave rise to yellow‐seeded plants, while the brown seeds gave rise to plants that yielded a mixture of yellow and brown seeds, depending on the absence or presence, respectively, of the B. alboglabra chromosome. Consequently, both maternal and embryonal control of seed colour are expected to contribute to the black‐seeded phenotype of oilseed rape.     

Analysis on the Constructor Associations Localization

Along with the establishment of the constructor association,how to locate the constructor association is extremely important at present,which is not only related to the efficiency of the constructor trade management,but also related to the future development of the constructor trade.This paper launches the discussion on the constructor association's localization from three aspects,namely the legal localization,the profession localization and the relation localization with the government and its members,and puts forward some proposals and individual opinions.     

生长素内流载体基因CkLAX3参与柠条锦鸡儿干旱胁迫响应的分析

植物干旱胁迫进程往往伴随着生长抑制类激素如脱落酸、乙烯的参与,而近年研究表明,生长素也可以响应干旱胁迫。本研究通过染色体步移、生信分析和亚细胞定位等方法,对CkLAX3基因在干旱响应中的作用进行了分析鉴定。研究经PCR扩增获得一个全长为1 398 bp的柠条生长素内流载体基因CkLAX3。生信分析发现,该序列编码465个氨基酸,分子量为52.47 kDa,其编码的蛋白为稳定的疏水性蛋白,二级结构主要由α螺旋组成,具有10重跨膜结构。亚细胞定位结果表明CkLAX3定位于细胞质膜。进化树分析结果表明,CkLAX3与红三叶、鹰嘴豆等植物LAX3基因亲缘关系较近。联合染色体步移和高效热不对称交错PCR (HiTail-PCR)方法克隆得到CkLAX3基因的未知启动子区序列总计1 352 bp。对启动子序列上的顺式作用元件进行分析发现,CkLAX3基因启动子区存在大量干旱响应元件、光响应元件、激素响应元件等。进一步对干旱处理的柠条锦鸡儿进行定量分析发现,CkLAX3的表达量受干旱胁迫诱导,推测该基因在干旱胁迫下发挥重要作用。本研究为进一步探索生长素在调节干旱胁迫应答过程中的作用机制提供了基础。     

Rice Heavy Metal P-type ATPase OsHMA6 Is Likely a Copper Efflux Protein

P_(1B)-type heavy metal ATPases(HMAs) are transmembrane metal-transporting proteins that play a key role in metal homeostasis. We here reported the characterization of rice OsHMA6, a member of the P_(1B)-type ATPase family. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that Os HMA6 belonged to the Cu/Ag subgroup of the HMA family and had a close evolutionary relationship with OsHMA9. Amino acid sequence alignment showed 82.78% consistency between OsHMA6 and OsHMA9. OsHMA6 expressed in all organs at different growth stages, including spikelet, and abundant in leaf blades, however, OsHMA9 most strongly expressed in roots, but very low in spikelet. Excessive Cu~(2+) can up-regulate the expression of OsHMA6 and OsHMA9 in rice seedlings. The heterologous expression in yeast showed that OsHMA6 can significantly rescue the growth of yeast strain CM52 when supplied with 3 or 6 mmol/L Cu~(2+). Compared with the empty vector pYES2, the Cu concentration in OsHMA6-pYES2 decreased by 23.4% and 30.3% under 3 or 6 mmol/L Cu~(2+), respectively. Subcellular localization revealed that OsHMA6 was located in the plasma membrane. These results suggested that OsHMA6, similar to OsHMA9, is likely a copper efflux protein located in the plasma membrane.     

家蚕含RRM保守结构域蛋白基因(Bmrrm)的克隆及序列分析与表达研究

RRM(RNA recognition motif)是RNA结合蛋白中广泛存在的一种保守结构域。从构建的家蚕蛹cDNA文库中筛选得到一条含有RRM保守结构域的cDNA,命名为Bmrrm(GenBank登录号:DQ534196)。Bmrrm基因全长1086 bp,开放阅读框大小为894 bp,编码297个氨基酸残基,蛋白理论分子质量33.2 kD,等电点9.69,预测的三级结构由2个α螺旋和4个β折叠组成。将该基因的PCR扩增产物于原核表达载体pET-28a(+)中表达后经SDS-PAGE检测,在36 kD处的特异性蛋白条带与预期值相符,重组蛋白以可溶的形式表达。将纯化的重组蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体,ELISA检测效价大于1∶6400。采用荧光定量PCR方法对家蚕卵、5龄幼虫、蛹、蛾4个发育时期以及5龄幼虫各组织中Bmrrm的mRNA转录水平进行检测比较,发现在蛹期和5龄幼虫生殖腺、表皮中的转录水平较高。采用免疫印迹方法在家蚕的卵期、5龄幼虫、蛹期,以及5龄幼虫的生殖腺、表皮、脂肪体中检测到BmRRM蛋白有明显表达,但在蛾期及5龄幼虫的其他组织中未检测到该蛋白。以家蚕Bm5细胞进行免疫细胞化学实验,BmRRM蛋白在整个细胞周期主要分布于细胞核,仅少量分布于细胞质。初步推测BmRRM蛋白参与蚕体内RNA前体的剪接、细胞定位及维持稳定等转录后调控过程。